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In tumor cells, a switch of glucose metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidation leads to inhibition of proliferation and induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis 82

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General cell culture and imaging The HeLa cell line used in this study was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and grown in DMEM (Gibco, 11965) media supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% 1003 Pen Strep (Gibco)

ATP synthesis inhibitor assay To discern whether the uptake mechanism of 2 NP is by passive diffusion or active transport, an ATP synthase inhibitor (DCCD) was used

Appl Environ Microbiol (2018) 84:e0104718